Draft 1 - The Left Inside of Digipak

Draft 1 of Album Cover

Original Images

Digipak Advert Draft 2

   

                           

Original image.

Draft Digipak - The CD Holder

This is the original picture.

Back Of Digipak - Draft 1

This is the original image.

Shooting in London 22.11.16

Today, we shot some more footage for the music video. Originally, we planned to film this particular part of the music video in Brighton on the sea-front. We last minute decided to change the location to London, as we felt that we would be able to take a bigger variety of shots. It also fit in very well with the idea that the artist is starting to focus on himself and his own life, as London is the capital and would be the place were you would typically expect someone to start and make their career/life. Also at the same time, it is a romantic place again fitting in with the theme of love.

We had a very productive day and we got more done than we expected. We thought that due to it getting dark outside a lot quicker at the moment, we would not be able to shoot everything that we planned. Therefore, we lined up another day to go back and film what we had left to do, however it will not be needed.  

We were very happy with how everything went, we had no major problems. We have looked at all the footage we got and feel that we have got some very strong and pretty shots.

2nd Draft Of Music Video

This is our second draft of our music video. 

We have nearly completed it. There are still a few gaps, which shall be filled very soon as we are planning to finish filming this week. 

It is also appearing in a poor quality due to it being exported in the wrong settings. However, we are looking for the correct settings, so that the quality of the footage is given justice in the end piece. 

Also, the very last shot of Sam is not actually meant  to be in the video. It is a shot that we are currently working with and did not want to loose what we had done, we are currently deciding on where to place the shot.

Location Change

Taken By Me 

Originally, we had decided that one of our chosen locations would be Brighton sea front. 

However when we were recently planning what we were planning to film there, we felt that there was a lot more we could do if we changed the location to London. 

One of the main reasons we felt London would be a better setting is due to the fact that it gives the music video a more modern/urban feel. It also fits in with the idea of the male progressing in his life, as London is a face paced city. It also is a very romantic setting, therefore will reflect the theme of romance. It will also hint to the audience that it is a place they used to visit together all the time.  

We feel very confident with this location change. Not only do we think that it will give us the opportunity to film more, but it will also fit in with the overall theme of the music video.

When we went to film we each took pictures of the different settings in London.

Taken By Sophie 

Draft Advert For The Digipak 1

This is an idea of what I want my Advert for the digipak to appear as. The pictures in this version were not taken by me, I found them on the internet. I wanted to have a clear idea in my head before actually producing the digipak; using these online pictures has allowed me to develop my ideas.    

Gender Representation - Laura Mulvey

Crew List

Co-Producers/Directors and Camera Crew:

• Sophie Stead 
• Robbie Butt
• Sam Krzystyniak
• Esme Walrond-King (me)

Actors:

• Esme Walrond-King
• Sam Krzystyniak

Progress Report 03.11.16

Unfortunately, for the majority of this week I have been absent due to unforeseen circumstances. However, whilst I have been away the rest of the group have managed to complete the our production video. We think we will possibly have to split it into two halves, as it will be quite long as we have not yet finished all production processes.

Genre Signifiers: R'n'B

Genre signifiers is another term for common conventions. They are the elements that we expect to see in certain media products. A genre is what categorises music into a group with shared qualities and conventions.

Some examples of music genres are:

• Pop
• R'n'B
• Hip-Hop
• Rock
• House
• Techno
• Classical

  Genre Signifiers of R'n'B

Long shots and wide shots are often used in these music videos. It could be to show off the surroundings of the artist i.e. the location. A lot of the time the locations in these music videos are very extravagant, therefore wide shots are used to show off these flashy locations. Leading the audience to believe that the artist must be extremely wealthy, which will make the artist seem more powerful and successful because it is what people associate with wealth. Creating the star image that Goodwin believed is created in music videos. For example in the music video for 'Strip' by Chris Brown, there are lots of wide shots and long shots featuring a him in a party ,presumably his, whereby he is surrounded by girls. Suggesting to the audience that lots of girls like him, which could lead male audiences to aspire to be like Chris Brown.

With regards to locations, as I have already explained in R'n'B music videos they are almost always set in big mansions with really scenic views.

If the song is particularly sad or has a slower tempo, the music video tends to have a black and white/ greyscale filter. It will help to make the music video more sad and melancholy as grey is a very gloomy colour. It may also give more of a sensual atmosphere to the video due to the fact that it makes the footage look more dark and mysterious.



Artists usually include some sort of monologue in their music videos, where they talk to the camera usually about something linked to the subject of the song. It may be to allow the audience to gain more understanding of what the artist is trying to demonstrate in the song, making the song more meaningful. Or there is a small intro showing a short story for the same effect.

Women's costumes are usually very minimal, and the males are usually shown with no top. This costume choice is used to invite the audience by making the artist or characters sexually appealing. The male artists are usually shown surrounded by women. The accessories are also usually very flash, as they are covered in gold chains, watches, sunglasses or designer clothing. It is to again show off the wealth that these artists have, encouraging the audience to aspire to them as they will seem successful and powerful.

Release Forms

Talent Release Form

 

To: Overton Grange High School ("the Company" which shall include it's successors, assigns and licensees) of Stanley Rd, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 6TQ

 

Dated: 30/10/16

 

To whom it may concern,

 

'Good Ones Go' Cover by Conor Maynard

 

In consideration of the sum of £0 now paid by Overton Grange to me (the receipt of which I acknowledge) I warrant, confirm and agree with the school that they shall hold the right to exploit any photographs and sound recordings made by the school for the music video in which I feature, or any dramatic, musical or artistic work or sound recording performed by me included by the school in the music video or in any and all media by any and all means now known or invented in future throughout the world for the full period of copyright, including all renewals, revivals, reversions and extensions.

In recognition of the sum paid I hereby agree to work on the following dates / times:

Dates:
Times:

 

I irrevocably and unconditionally grant to you all consents required pursuant to the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988 Part II * or otherwise under the laws in force in any part of the world to exploit such performances.

 

I irrevocably and unconditionally waive all rights which I may have in respect of the Film pursuant to the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Sections 77, 80, 84 and 85**.

 

I consent to the use by the school of my name, likeness, voice and biography in connection only with the music video.

 

5. The school may assign or licence this agreement to any third party.

 

6. This letter shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales and subject to the jurisdiction of the English Courts.

 

Yours faithfully

 

 

Name…………………..   Signature…………………………….

(signature of the individual)

 

* the "Performers Rights"   ** the Moral Rights of an author

 

 

This is a guideline only and should not be relied upon without taking legal advice.

We are going to ensure all actors feature in our music video read and sign these release forms. This is to ensure they are fully aware of what they are participating.

The Music Video Industry

How Are Music Videos Generally Made?

Music videos will usually be filmed on a set, obviously the track would have been produced previously in a recording studio. The process of making a music video will vary depending on the type of video it is being produced. 

For example when filming a performance based music video, the audio will be played in order to help the audience to sing at the right pace.

In concert videos, they'll sync pre-filmed shots of the artist's live performance with the song.

Dance videos are made by recording the footage of the choreographed dance routine and they will then dub the track on top of the footage.

The record label will hire a production company. The producer will then obtain most control over the production of the music video. They will put together a crew i.e a production manager, a director etc. They will then have group meetings to organise the rest of the process, the artist will also have some creative input. 

A budget will then be approved by the label. Once this has been confirmed the studio will than be hired, and all elements of the video will be put together.   

What Is The Purpose Of Music Videos?

Artist's use music videos to help communicate the message of their song. It is also there to provide entertainment to the audience. The main purpose the music video will hold is to promote the artist and the artist's music. 

Budgets Of Music Videos

The budget will vary greatly depending on the size of the project. One of the most expensive music videos to be made was Michael Jackson's & Janet Jackson's music video for 'Scream' whereby the production cost a large $7,000,000! 

I feel that the biggest difficulties that companies deal with would be finding the funding. The bigger the artist, the easier it would probably be to get a bigger budget. However, for up and coming artist finding the funds to produce a good quality music video. It is vital for them to gain success, as music videos are one of  the biggest and best platforms for promotion in the music industry. It would be hard for the artist to compete with the bigger artists, and to create spectacular videos like the videos big artist create.

Location Recce

Reigate Hill

The main location that we have chosen to film at is Reigate Hill. We felt that this would be a great location to film the artist lip syncing. There were plenty of different places to film  at this one location. With all the trees and the views it made the footage look very pretty and scenic. It will help to create a more of a romantic feel the music video. It could also encourage the audience to think about why the artist may be in that particular place. Could it be somewhere the couple used to go together? One problem that may cause us some difficulties could be the fact that this location  is very busy sometimes. There will be a lot of the general public around and we will have too for places that are not as busy. However, the good thing about this location is that it is not too far from us, and it is open to everyone therefore we do not have to ask for any sort of consent to film here.

Brighton

The next place we are very keen to use as one of our locations is in Brighton, particularly the beach. We again feel that is will help provide a romantic element to the music video, and will help the audience maybe think of possible memories that the couple may have experienced together. We do not want to psychically show the audience memories that the couple have due to the fact that it can come across very cliche and cringe, therefore it would be nice to give the audience some hints to think of some themselves. We are going to film scenes of the girl character here, and show her sitting on the beach of walking around the streets reminiscing of the past. Luckily, we will not need any permission to film here either. However, like Reigate it can be extremely busy in Brighton. It is also quite far away from us all. We have thought about how we could tackle these problems. We feel that provided we plan ahead when we can film, the distance will not stand as a problem. We also have decided to try and go on a week day so that we can try and avoid the busy weekends. It will also be much less busy due to the fact that it is now winter and people tend to visit Brighton more in the summertime. 

[picture of mine and sams bedroom]

Bedrooms

The last two locations we are going to film in are mine and Sam's bedrooms. We feel that a bedroom is the perfect place for this particular narrative, due to the fact that a bedroom is a very personal place. It is the place where the characters have their own space and do not need to hide anything. It gives the audience a chance to connect with the characters and see them where they are most real and vulnerable. For the girl character we felt that my bedroom would be perfect, as it is quite empty, therefore it makes the girl look lonely which fits perfectly with the narrative. She is lonely because she lost someone she deeply cares about. These locations are very ideal as there are no complications or difficulties with regards to access or the public.

Possible Shot List

• Wide Shot - show how lonely the characters are feeling.
• Close-Up/ Extreme Close-Up - make the audience really connect with the way the characters are feeling.
• Medium Shot - show the character's body language.
• Establishing Shot - show the audience the location.
• Over The Shoulder Shot - create a sense of realism for the audience as it would feel like they were there.

Costume

Female Character Costume

For the scene whereby the girl character is in the bedroom, we have decided to put her in lounge wear. We thought that it would be good to demonstrate the way she feels; she is sad and overwhelmed with everything so does not care about much else. Therefore her being in very casual clothing demonstrates the lack of effect she is putting into her appearance. It is fairly unconventional for girls to be represented in this way. Usually, they are shown very done up, especially in music videos where the artist is a male and the girl is the subject of the song. It is usually to make them appear as attractive to the audience. The clothing is also mainly black with bits of white. This is due to the fact that both these two colours will represent her feelings and her character. The white shows that she is an innocent and pure character, making the audience feel much more sympathy towards her. Black being a dark colour, will straight away give the impression that she is sad, as people associate sadness and darkness together. 

During the scene in London, we are still going to follow the idea of her hardly making an effort with her appearance. This time she will be wearing a navy coat and some light blue jeans. The mixture of the dark and the light colours will again highlight that she is innocent and also show that she is sad. The blue will also make the audience associate her with sadness. 

Male Character

The male character will be wearing all dark colours in the music video. This is for multiple reasons. The first being that we still want the audience to see that he is sad and down. We also did not want him to have any innocence, it makes it clear that he is technically the antagonist in this narrative as he is what caused the hurt and upset. Another reason for the dark costume is the fact that due to the strength and boldness of the colour, it helps to immitate power. It shows that he has power over the girl but also power over the audience. It is common for producers to ensure that the video gives the artist a 'star image'. Showing that he is powerful will help to do so, as it is hard to make the audience feel any sympathy for him considering what the song is about. 

What Is Left To Do?

• We need to download the song. We could not do that today due to the lack of access to music sites within school. 
• Film the last two scenes of the music video.
• Draw up a neat copy of the storyboard.
• Upload the rough draft and the lip syncing to Youtube, so that we can put them on our blogs
• 
  

Behind The Scenes: Production

Whilst we were filming, we decided to bring along another camera, to give the audience a chance to see behind the scenes. 

31.10.16 Editing

Today, we began to edit our music video and our production video. 

Firstly, we experienced some problems with uploading the footage for the production video. Every time we inserting the USB from the camera into the computer, it would crash. It meant that we could not do any editing for the production video.

Luckily, the computer was fine when we uploaded the actual footage for the music video. However, the camera did have to be charged before we could have access to the footage. Therefore, we wasted some precious editing time whereby we were waiting for the battery to charge.

Overall, although we did not get as much done as we were planning, we felt that today has really helped us with regards to what is left to complete. We have a clear picture of what needs to be done next and we will make sure that we get it done as quick as possible.

Rough Draft Evaluation

We have uploaded all the footage that we filmed in the past week. Today we put the different shots into the sequence that we wanted them to appear in. 

We felt that this was the best thing to start in, due to the fact that we did not have all the scenes filmed. Therefore, it will give us more of a feel as to what we were missing and the amount of footage we had. 

Unfortunately, we could not do much in terms of actually editing the footage. This is as a result of us not completing all the filming. We are going to complete our filming next week. We know exactly what we need in order to fill in all the gaps. For example, we realise that we need to film more moments involving Sam lip syncing.

Making the rough draft has really helped to show us what is missing and what looks really good. It has also allowed us to develop our ideas. 

Rough Draft

This is a rough idea of the order in which each scene will appear in the music video. We have not yet edited any sound. Therefore any dialogue or background noise and the music playing in this footage will not be in the completed version!

Lip Syncing

Before we started filming, we thought it would be a good idea for Sam to practice lip syncing. We actually felt that the shot was really good therefore we decided to use it in the real video! 

Sam was much better at staying in character this time and there was a lot more expression in comparison to the audition.

Shooting Schedule

2nd Day Of Filming (26.10.16)

(Insert Video)

Today we completed our second day of filming. We went up to Reigate Hill and filmed in the woods. Originally, our plan was to film everything for the female character that I am playing, however once getting there we felt that it would be a better setting for the scenes whereby the artist is lip syncing. 

We were really pleased with the way our different ideas looked on the camera. The setting made everything look very good. There were lots of points where the view was really pretty and the trees created really pretty scenery. We decided to go up there fairly early, so that we could capture the more dull and foggy weather to help emphasise the melancholy atmosphere.

Overall, we were very pleased with all the footage we took today. We are excited to get back to school and begin editing the whole music video. 

First Day Of Filming 21.10.16

(edit and insert the video)

Today we began filming for the music video. We left school early to get as much done as possible as we all had other commitments later on in the afternoon. 

Unluckily, we could not film everything that we wanted to do. This was due to the fact that the camera ran out of battery and we did not have the charger. Unfortunately, the group the previously used the camera misplaced the charger for our camera. It was in another camera's case, which we had to get off another group. Due to the lack of time that we had, it meant that we had to stop filming early and will have to continue another day. 

We filmed a few moments backstage.

Analysis of 'Good Ones Go' Lyrics

Editing The Auditions

This is the first time we have used the editing software since we used it for our AS coursework. Therefore, we all had forgotten how to do certain things. It was good that we had the chance to refresh our memories before editing the music video, due to the fact that now we remember the basics. Therefore we can experiment with the more advanced software.


We begun by reviewing all the footage and taking out all the parts that were not needed. We cut out all the parts where the actors were laughing and were not focused. We then put them in the order that we wanted them to appear. We put a fade transition between the different clips. We also made it clear which actor was on screen at the time by layering text which included their names.


We also started experimenting with the different filters. We wanted to make the auditions look a bit more like a home video, so we used the viewfinder filter in order to get this effect.


Lastly, we decided to show all the different problems we had during the auditions, therefore we included some clips at the end of the different things we had to tackle. Such as, the actors laughing and background noise.


We did also have some problems while editing. The main one being the sound. It was very hard to hear the song in the footage, due to the fact that there was a lot of background noise. We have had insert the actual song over the top of the footage and delete the actual sound. It was also hard to find a filter to fit what we wanted. The viewfinder filter was not exactly what we were imagining. However, it was the closest filter to it.


Using the editing software for the auditions, has really refreshed my memory. I feel confident that when beginning to edit the actual music video, I will be able to use the more advanced options rather than just the basics. 


   

Auditions (17.10.16)

Today we completed the auditions for the male character of our music video. 

Unfortunately due to the absence of some of the actors planning to audition, we had less actors to choose from. The actors who auditioned were; Sam Krzystyniak, Zack Streatfield, Joe Pereira and Ollie Clark.

We got the actors to complete the chorus of the song. The main purpose of these auditions were to see who suited the voice of the artist. We also wanted to see who had the most confidence in front of the camera.

We came across a few difficulties at first. Obviously the main problem being the absence of two of the possible actors: Owen Kennett and Will Seager. We also had to change the location of where we were carrying out the auditions twice. First, we went to the drama studio however it was already occupied. So we decided to go and film them in the main hall. After completing most of the auditions, the surrounding noise suddenly became very loud. During Joe's audition towards the end the background noise of classes becomes very loud. Therefore we had to go to a part of the school that is much more out of the way. One other problem we faced was getting the actors whole audition done without them laughing or getting distracted. We had to repeat the auditions a few times, however eventually all the actors completed it just fine.

The good thing about these auditions is that it really showed us who would suit the role and who we think could hold the role of the artist with confidence. After watching all of the auditions a few times, as a group we felt that the best actor for the lead role would be Sam Krzystyniak. This is due to his confidence and we felt that the voice went best with him. Although he is in our group, we will ensure that during the scenes whereby Sam is not in them he works with the camera. 

Plan For Our Auditions

We plan to carry out auditions to cast two actors the part of our main characters.


Location: Drama Studio
Actors for Artist's role: Sam Krzystyniak,Owen Kennett, Will Seager, Ollie Clark, Zack Streatfield and Joe Pereria.
Actors for female role: Melissa Lovell, Sophie Stead, Esme Walrond-King, Lily Chapman, Freya Money.


We are going to get the male actors to lip sync the song into the camera and see who suits the voice of the artist. For the female actors we will get them to act out a scene whereby they are upset and crying. We will also take pictures of the boys and the girls and see who looks the best together.

Conventions Of Music Videos

A convention is a way in which something is usually done. There are conventional elements found in most music videos.

Camera Shots/Movements

They tend to include plenty of long shots, close-ups, and mid-shots. It creates more emphasis on either the artist or the location. Close-ups are used a lot to really emphasise the artists emotions. In terms of movement often tracking shots and tilt shots are used. It is to trace the movement of the artist or the band and also make it more exciting, rather than using an ordinary panning shot.   

Mis-En-Scene

 Mis-en-scene refers to the way everything in the shot is placed, this includes colours used, lighting, props and characters etc. It is also very important when it comes to portraying the way a character is or to put across a certain representation of a person.

 Some music videos often choose to use artificial, high key lighting to enhance everything that is going on around the artist and the artist themselves. Low-key lighting is also used a lot in songs that are more melancholy to create a really sad atmosphere.

Props are often used as enigma codes to create mystery in the plot for the audience, is will cause them to ask questions about the prop, like what it is going to be used for or why does the artist have it? It will encourage the audience to keep watching till the end, just in case their questions are answered. 

Often colour is used in costumes to put across a certain representation of the artist in the music video. A lot of the time the artist will be wearing light colours, such as white. Just so that the audience will associate the connotations of the colour with the audience. Therefore the reason light colours are usually the favourites for the artist is because the audience will associate good things with the artist, like innocence and purity. On the contrary music videos also include costumes with dark colours to, however rather than using it to give a evil representation, it is more there to make the artist look seductive or provocative. This is more common in female artist videos, the female will often be dressed in colours such as red or black.

Sound

The majority of the time the only sound in songs will be the song itself, however sometimes the producers will include an intro whereby they might include ambient sound to set the scene for the audience. Or they might include a voiceover where the artist has a moment to speak to their audience, this is commonly used to put an artists point across. For example in 'Alright' by Kendrick Lamar he introduces the song with a 2 minute poem. It contains clips of police arresting ethnic minorities, whilst there is a voice over of him reciting a poem that reads:

"I remembered you was conflicted

Misusing your influence, sometimes I did the same

Abusing my power full of resentment"

This is clearly reflecting the fact that sometimes the police in the US abuse the power they have as law enforcers and let their racial resentment get in the way. He also uses in as an outro too. Whilst the voiceover is playing, there is a clip of Kendrick Lamar standing on the top of a lamp post. You then see a policeman imitating a gun with his fingers and pretending to shoot Kendrick off the lamp post. Showing that even though he was doing something that caused no problems, police abuse their power when it comes to ethnic minorities and enforce brutal punishments on them, almost as if it is a game..

 Editing

A predominant editing technique used in music videos is jump cuts. It allows the video to progress quickly and still make sense as obviously songs are usually only about 5 minutes long. Therefore the story need to be presented quickly.

  

Questionnaire For Our Target Audience About Our Idea

We are creating a music video for the 'Good Ones Go' cover by Connor Maynard. In our music video we are going to centre the narrative around a boy and a girl. The boy has got caught up in his lifestyle and has begun to change. He is beginning to loose sight of what is important and is making next to no time for his girlfriend. Through the music video we are going to show that he is aware of the fact that he is making her very unhappy and that she deserves better than that. We will show the fact that he has really hurt her emotionally. The most important thing we want to show is that even though they are both agreeing to stay their separate ways, they are still both in love with one another.

Do You Think Using A Black & White Filter Will Look Good?

• Yes
• No

Which Kind Of Narrative Do You Think Would Be Best With Our Idea?

• Non-Linear
• Montage

Which Locations Do You Think Will Be Good For Our Music Video?

• A viewpoint
• An empty bedroom with nothing but a bed
• A beach

Do You Like Our Idea?

• Yes
• No
• (Why?)____________________________________________________________

What Would You Say Could Be Improved About Our Idea?

______________________________________________________________



Questionnaire To Find Our Target Audience

We are creating a music video for the 'Good Ones Go' cover by Connor Maynard. In our music video we are going to centre the narrative around a boy and a girl. The boy has got caught up in his lifestyle and has begun to change. He is beginning to loose sight of what is important and is making next to no time for his girlfriend. Through the music video we are going to show that he is aware of the fact that he is making her very unhappy and that she deserves better than that. We will show the fact that he has really hurt her emotionally. The most important thing we want to show is that even though they are both agreeing to stay their separate ways, they are still both in love with one another.    

What Age Group Do You Fall Into?

• Under 18
• 18-20
• 21-25
• Over 25

What Gender Are You?

• Male
• Female

What Music Do You Usually Listen To?

• RnB
• Hip-Hop
• Pop
• Dance
• Other____________________________

Do You Like Listening To Either Of The Following Artists?

• Drake
• Connor Maynard

Based On What I Have Told You About Our Idea, What Would You Rank It Out Of 10? (1=lowest 10= highest)

___________________________________________________

Thank-you for taking time to answer these questions!

Andrew Goodwin

Andrew Goodwin created a theory based on what he believes about music videos. He states there are key aspects to music videos. 

• All genres have characteristics.
• Relationship between the song and the visuals.
• Star image (protagonist), lots of camera shots making the artist the centre of attention.
• Intertextuality.
• Women are often sexualised.

Genre Characteristics

The audience could often distinguish the genre of a music video by the elements incorporated into it. Different genres always contain similar features.  

For example in RnB music videos, there tends to be the artist singing about love or a relationship to their partner or the person they want to be with. 

There is also often a lot of dance sequences in the music videos for RnB songs.

Relationships Between Music and The Visuals

Goodwin insisted that there was 3 ways to create a connection between the song and the visuals. This is through:

• Illustration- This is commonly used as it is the simplest and easiest method. It literally means to show the lyrics in a visual form. 

Amplification- This involves using connotations to demonstrate the story. In Beyonce's video for 'Hold Up', she reveals to the world that Jay-Z cheated on her. In the video she shows how she felt insane but had to pretend like nothing was wrong to the whole world. It begins with her inner monologue, talking about how she's going crazy and cannot stop worrying about if he cheated. Whilst you hear all this she is completely submerged in water, at the end she asks "have you cheated" as she opens a door and all the water flows out. This is showing that she was drowning in her thoughts then when she finally let out her worries, her head was clear. However you then see, as she is walking down the road, she smashes up cars, whilst keeps a massive grin on her face and skips down the road. However in the end she shows how you cannot keep things in forever and you see lots of explosions in the background, signifying that eventually you will loose control of your emotions. The video is then ended by her letting her anger show in her expression and hitting the camera, causing it to brake. 

• Disjuncture- Involves intentionally ignoring the content and genre of the song, and creates a whole new set of meanings. Often it does not make much sense. In the video to 'Dancing(Again)' by Eats Everything, there is a lot of dancing in the video, which clearly links to the song. However, it also mainly features two warehouse workers dressing up as famous Hollywood film characters. It clearly has no link to the song, and also does not make any sense whatsoever.

Gender Representation

Most music videos, whether the female is the artist or just a character in the music video, present women as sexual objects. This could be through showing them wearing minimal clothing or showing them being centered around their boyfriend etc. 

'Hold You Down' by DJ Khalid ft. Chris Brown, August Alsina, Jeremih and Future, supports this theory. In the music video the males are clearly singing about girls and every so often you see a long shot of the girls that they are talking about. If they are not in a bikini, they are dressed in skimpy outfits or look very done up. You only see some shots of the males and the females together. Every so often when they are in the same shots, the male is made to look in some way superior to the female. Either by throwing money at her, as if she cannot provide for herself and needs a man to financially support her; or as in the shot above, visually display the hierarchy. In the medium shot above, you can see that the female is placed lower than Chris Brown in the shot. He is also holding her. It represents her as inferior and again supports the stereotype of the male always supporting the female. 

Star Image

Goodwin referred to the image of the artist as a vital element in music videos. This is down to the fact that they are what attracts the audience to the music video and make it more appealing. The director will lots of close-up shots and other type of shots to ensure that the artist is the centre of attention.

In Ariana Grande's video for 'Side To Side' the director uses a lot of close up shots to create a lot of attention on her. They also insured that even in shots with other people in she is still centre of attention, as seen in the medium shot above, there is a shallow focus around her.

Intertexuality

Andrew Goodwin noticed that often in music videos there is some kind of reference to another media product. Whether it be a another song, a film, a TV programme etc. 

In the music video for 'Beauty and a Beat' by Justin Bieber, in the intro to the video there is a quick but significant reference to the game Just Dance 4. This is because this song is featured in the game and allows the audience to learn the dance moves for the song. Therefore they made a quick reference to it, just to provide the audience with a hint that they could find this song on the game. It would also influence a lot of the audience, especially his younger fans, to buy the game as they will think that they should get the game because Justin Bieber has it in his music video, so they must have it too.

Target Audience For Our Music Video

Our main target audience for the music video is young girls aged 14-18. These girls due to how young they are will more than likely still be in education, therefore their occupation would be students. We have chosen this group as our target audience as the subject of the song is very relatable for this age group. It is the kind of age where lots of people get in their first relationships and a large amount of the time due to growing up and changing, they no longer fit into eachother's lives. Therefore the audience may understand how the artist is feeling. If looking at the Uses and gratifications theory and it'll give them a sense of belonging and social interaction as they will know other people have gone through the same. The song may originally of been targeted at both male and female, as Drake is a universal artist, however Conor Maynard is targeted more towards a female audience. He is the typical male pop artist that teenage girls obsess over and this usually leads male audiences to not like the artist as they may feel they are girly. 

With regards to hobbies these girls will enjoy things such as going on social media, listening to music and going out with their friends. These are all things that teenagers in this generation typically enjoy and this things will be major parts of their lives.  

The audience will hold quite an urban style. Young and Rubicam would probably class them as the 'The Mainstreamers', as they want to keep up to date with the latest trends and will take a lot of care in what others think of them. This is why they will like quite urban styles as that is currently in trend, that is why we have dressed both our characters in fairly up to date and on trend costumes. The way the characters look will really attract the audience instantly, because they'll want to adopt their style.

They would like other male pop artist's such as Justin Bieber, Zayn Malik etc. This is down to the fact that they are all young males so firstly the target audience will feel attracted to them. They all also sing a lot about love, which is something young girls either want to experience or have experienced it and can relate to what they sing about or also want some clarity on the subject.

Equipment List By Sophie

Digital video cameras 

Tripods

Lighting 

Mobile phones

Apple Mac computer